This policy brief examines the size and causes of the gender wage gap among Saudi and non-Saudi workers in the private sector. Improving women’s work opportunities ranks high on the national agenda in Saudi Arabia. In the Kingdom, women’s labor forceparticipation has increased in recent years. This is especially true for Saudi women, one- fifth of whom are currently in the labor force, although with 32% unemployment. Given the rise in women’s employment, it is important to understand whether women and men earn the same salaries for the same work and qualifications.